The 14th Amendment ensures due process of the law and serves in this context to protect against involuntary confessions. 5th Amendment protects against the right against self-incrimination. 6th amendment ensures the right to counsel in a criminal proceeding.
The due process test assesses whether a confession was voluntary or involuntary. The confession must have been made freely and voluntarily without compulsion or inducement in order to be admissible in court. The confession cannot be the result of physical or psychological coercion that overcomes the will of an individual to resist. Involuntary confessions are inadmissible in evidence.
When considering the admissibility of a confession, judges must assess the entire circumstance by which the confession was given- referred to as “totality of the circumstances”. The totality includes but it not limited to the physical force, psychological abuse, the time, length, place of the interrogation; age and education of the detainee. Where one or more of these factors happen, it can be argued that the confession is unreliable, acquired by unfair means and was not made of free will with conscious and willing thought making the confession inadmissible.
